Introduction

This introductory module is thoughtfully designed to provide a respectful and authentic introduction to some key elements of the diverse histories and cultures of Indigenous Peoples in Canada. With great care, we embark on this learning journey, acknowledging the diverse ways of knowing and being that have existed from Coast to Coast to Coast for time immemorial. Through this introductory module, we aim to recognize and introduce participants to some Key Concepts in Treaty Making.

It is important to remember that these are complex topics. As such, it is imperative to note that our introductory modules have been produced to shine a light on or take a glimpse at these complex and interconnected topics. These modules have been created for those seeking to take their first few steps to learn more about Treaties. As you delve into this module, we encourage you to approach the subject matter with an open heart and a willingness to reflect both critically and thoughtfully – mindful that this is only the beginning of your journey.

So, let's begin.

Do you know how this country came to be?

In Canada, treaties often refer to the agreements between First Nations and the Crown (aka the federal government). The agreements are promises that each nation makes to another to create and maintain peaceful and symbiotic relationships. All treaties are legally binding and set out the rights and responsibilities of both parties and can also be re-negotiated (if all parties are willing). Treaties can be represented as a written document or presented and shared orally with an item, like the Wampum Belt.

Whether you are a settler who has lived in Canada for many years or are a newcomer, you are in a treaty relationship with the Indigenous Peoples of this land through your Canadian citizenship.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this unit, students will be able to:

1. Define the Indigenous Treaty-making process.
2. Describe basic facets of the Indigenous/ Settler treaty-making process.
3. Discuss some key differences between land claims and land settlements.

Beginning Your Journey

A key goal for this module is to start you on a learning journey of self-discovery. Both Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples are going through a transition of learning about the culture of Indigenous peoples (some rediscovering their heritage) and the true history of Canada. In Indigenous culture, there is no such thing as an expert. Someone can be knowledgeable or skilled but not an expert.

Additional curated readings will be provided to help guide on as you take further steps on your journey.

• These resources are provided at the end of the module.
• These additional readings are not mandatory, and you will not be graded on them.
• Learning journeys are not meant to be a strictly academic exercise, but hopefully, the materials presented point you in the right direction.
• Always remember: the readings are not enough. The next step is to connect with the Indigenous community.

Establishing an Inclusive Learning Environment

Code of Conduct

All 4 Directions modules, no matter their delivery format, have code conduct. In addition to the standard expectations, which you can find in our Getting Ready to Learn module, you should take a moment and explore the following points, which are essential for personal conduct and for generating a healthy space and dialogue in this module:

• Be open to opinions that may be different from your worldview.
• Connect with yourself and others on this journey on different matters, especially when there is a disagreement or opinion.
• When in doubt, take a pause and then come back to the dialogue.

Reflections, Sharing and Debriefing

This module may allow you to ask yourself or unpack:

• Examine individual or systemic impacts of ignorance or prejudice,
• Challenge your past educational experiences and your understanding of Indigenous lives and cultures, and
• Hopefully, give yourself the ability to ask or learn more.

Connecting Synchronously

As you move through this or other modules, you may wish to connect with others on a similar journey, as well as members from the 4 Directions team. You can sign up for our Community of Practice membership, which includes live synchronous Fireside Chat sessions where you can discuss your learnings from this and other modules, as well as ask questions of our team that may not be covered in the modules.

If you have a question about content or concepts from this module and are attending a Fireside chat session, here is one helpful way to prepare for the session and the most out of your time:

1. Describe what you saw, read, or experienced during a module activity or unit
2. Relate this to your own life and your emotional response
3. Analyze the implications of what you are learning. Assess similarities and differences, potential effectiveness and look at the implications of the issues raised.
4. Expand your analysis of the issues being discussed to other groups and issues. Who else is affected by this? What other issues could this apply to and how are they similar or different?
5. Offer Alternatives: Brainstorm ideas that explore how the implications of the content/video/activity can have positive outcomes. This can include concrete ideas for action about how this can be accomplished and can include personal, interpersonal, social and institutional actions.